![orcaflex coordinate convension orcaflex coordinate convension](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00773-019-00682-9/MediaObjects/773_2019_682_Fig12_HTML.png)
Specially for aircraft, these frames do not need to agree with the earth-bound frames in the up-down line.
![orcaflex coordinate convension orcaflex coordinate convension](https://www.mdpi.com/applsci/applsci-08-02386/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-08-02386-g007.png)
Finally, in case of space vehicles like space shuttles etc., a modification of the latter convention is used, where the vehicle's (body's) positive y- or pitch axis again always points to its right, and its positive z- or yaw axis always points down, but “down” now may have two different meanings: If a so-called local frame is used as external reference, its positive z-axis points “down” to the center of the earth as it does in case of the earlier mentioned NED-system, but if the inertial frame is used as reference, its positive z-axis will point now to the North Celestial Pole, and its positive x-axis to the Vernal Equinox or some other reference meridian.
![orcaflex coordinate convension orcaflex coordinate convension](https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*ecAUMmkGVQDZo6Z05IkOgA.png)
World frame's origin is fixed at the center of gravity of the vehicle.
ORCAFLEX COORDINATE CONVENSION ISO
For example, German DIN has published the DIN 9300 norm for aircraft (adopted by ISO as ISO 1151–2:1985).Įarth Centered Earth Fixed and East, North, Up coordinates. While from a geometrical point of view the different methods to describe orientations are defined using only some reference frames, in engineering applications it is important also to describe how these frames are attached to the lab and the body in motion.ĭue to the special importance of international conventions in air vehicles, several organizations have published standards to be followed. The attitude is described by attitude coordinates, and consists of at least three coordinates. It is described normally by the orientation of a frame fixed in the body relative to a fixed reference frame. The orientation of a vehicle is normally referred to as attitude. Finally, attitudes or orientations can be described by a relationship between the external frame and the one defined over the mobile object. Other frames can be defined on those mobile objects to deal with relative positions for other objects. Mobile objects are normally tracked from an external frame considered fixed. In ballistics and flight dynamics, axes conventions are standardized ways of establishing the location and orientation of coordinate axes for use as a frame of reference. Axes named according to the air norm DIN 9300
![orcaflex coordinate convension orcaflex coordinate convension](https://www.mdpi.com/energies/energies-14-07866/article_deploy/html/images/energies-14-07866-g002.png)
The aircraft's pitch and yaw axes Y and Z are not shown, and its fixed reference frame xyz has been shifted backwards from its center of gravity (preserving angles) for clarity. Heading, elevation and bank angles (Z-Y’-X’’) for an aircraft.